What does the term 'hypertension' refer to?

The term 'hypertension' specifically refers to high blood pressure. It is a medical condition characterized by the persistent elevation of blood pressure in the arteries, which can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other health complications. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is typically expressed as two numbers: systolic pressure (the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats) over diastolic pressure (the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats). Hypertension is generally diagnosed when these readings consistently exceed normal ranges, indicating the heart has to work harder to pump blood through the vessels. Understanding this definition is essential for recognizing the importance of monitoring and managing blood pressure for overall health.