In medical terminology, what does 'edema' refer to?

Edema refers to swelling caused by an accumulation of fluid in the tissues of the body. This condition can occur in various parts of the body, including the legs, ankles, feet, and even in more generalized forms affecting larger areas. Such swelling can result from a variety of factors including inflammation, injury, or certain medical conditions like heart failure or kidney disease. Understanding this term is essential in the medical field as it assists healthcare professionals in assessing and diagnosing potential issues related to fluid balance and underlying health concerns. The other options pertain to different medical concepts; for example, an incision is a cut made during surgery, an artery refers to blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, and a joint is a connection between two bones.