Fetal alcohol syndrome is caused by what condition during pregnancy?

Fetal alcohol syndrome is a serious condition resulting from significant exposure to alcohol during the mother's pregnancy. When a pregnant individual consumes large quantities of alcohol, it can cross the placenta and affect the developing fetus. This exposure can lead to a range of physical, behavioral, and learning problems known collectively as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), of which fetal alcohol syndrome is the most severe.

The effects of alcohol on fetal development can result in distinctive facial features, growth deficiencies, and central nervous system problems. The direct correlation between heavy drinking and the risk of these syndromes underscores why this condition is solely linked to maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Understanding this relationship is crucial for prenatal education and prevention strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome.

The other options, while they may pose risks to pregnancy or fetal development, do not specifically cause fetal alcohol syndrome. Genetic predisposition, infections, and maternal obesity can lead to various health issues but do not relate to alcohol exposure and its specific impact on the fetus.